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'''Question''': What is the best English translation in a contract of the French concept of "imprévision", which in Belgian Dutch is referred to as "imprevisie"? I have seen various things used, such as "frustration of purpose", "frustration", "unforeseen circumstances", and "hardship". | |||
=== Dutch === | |||
* imprevisie | |||
=== French === | |||
* imprevisie | |||
=== English === | |||
* hardship | |||
* (Belgian) unforeseen circumstances (JurLex) | |||
* frustration of purpose, frustration | |||
* unforeseen circumstances | |||
=== Samenvatting over imprevisieleer op elfri.be === | |||
De imprevisieleer is de leer die stelt dat contracten dienen aangepast of heronderhandeld dienen te worden wanneer nieuwe omstandigheden zich sinds de contractsluiting hebben voorgedaan waardoor de uitvoering van het contract tot onbillijk dan wel onredelijk zou worden. Deze leer wordt in het Belgisch recht niet aanvaard. | |||
'''Wanneer onvoorziene omstandigheden de overeenkomst ernstig verzwaren is er geen sprake van overmacht maar wel van imprevisie.''' | |||
De imprevisieleer legt de verplichting op tot uitvoering van de overeenkomst te goeder trouw, in die zin dat de verbintenis die getroffen wordt door een onvoorzienbaar voorval waardoor de uitvoering abnormaal wordt verzwaard opnieuw dient genegotieerd, dan wel dient aangepast. | |||
(https://elfri.be/artikel/imprevisie) | |||
=== ChatGPT weighs in === | |||
'''Question''': What is the best English translation in a contract of the French concept of "'''imprévision'''", which in Belgian Dutch is referred to as "'''imprevisie'''"? I have seen various things used, such as "'''frustration of purpose'''", "'''frustration'''", "'''unforeseen circumstances'''", and "'''hardship'''". | |||
'''ChatGPT’s answer''': | '''ChatGPT’s answer''': | ||
The best English translation of "imprévision" in a contract context depends on the specific legal system and the concept being addressed. Here's a breakdown of common translations and when they are most appropriate: | The best English translation of "imprévision" in a contract context depends on the specific legal system and the concept being addressed. Here's a breakdown of common translations and when they are most appropriate: | ||
Hardship | '''Hardship'''* | ||
This is the most commonly used translation for "imprévision" in international contracts (e.g., under the UNIDROIT Principles or ICC rules). It aligns well with situations where performance becomes excessively onerous due to unforeseen circumstances, but not impossible. | This is the most commonly used translation for "imprévision" in international contracts (e.g., under the UNIDROIT Principles or ICC rules). It aligns well with situations where performance becomes excessively onerous due to unforeseen circumstances, but not impossible. | ||
Frustration of Purpose | '''Frustration of Purpose''' | ||
Used primarily in common law jurisdictions (e.g., England, US), this term describes situations where the principal purpose of a contract is undermined by unforeseen events. However, it implies a more stringent standard than "hardship." | Used primarily in common law jurisdictions (e.g., England, US), this term describes situations where the principal purpose of a contract is undermined by unforeseen events. However, it implies a more stringent standard than "hardship." | ||
Frustration | '''Frustration''' | ||
A broader common law term, encompassing situations where a contract becomes impossible to perform or its purpose is destroyed. It may be overly broad compared to "imprévision." | A broader common law term, encompassing situations where a contract becomes impossible to perform or its purpose is destroyed. It may be overly broad compared to "imprévision." | ||
Unforeseen Circumstances | '''Unforeseen Circumstances''' | ||
A more general term, suitable for describing the context of "imprévision" without invoking specific legal doctrines. It works in plain language contracts but lacks the precision of "hardship." | A more general term, suitable for describing the context of "imprévision" without invoking specific legal doctrines. It works in plain language contracts but lacks the precision of "hardship." | ||
Recommendation: | Recommendation: | ||
For most contexts involving Belgian Dutch and French law, hardship is the best choice. It captures the nuanced balance of "imprévision" as it applies to contracts becoming excessively difficult but not impossible to perform. Use "unforeseen circumstances" if the legal specificity is not required. | For most contexts involving Belgian Dutch and French law, '''*hardship*''' is the best choice. It captures the nuanced balance of "imprévision" as it applies to contracts becoming excessively difficult but not impossible to perform. Use "unforeseen circumstances" if the legal specificity is not required. | ||
=== External links === | |||
* https://monardlaw.be/nl/stories/ingelicht/de-imprevisieleer-maakt-haar-intrede-in-het-nieuw-verbintenissenrecht/ (‘Imprevisie’ wijst op een onvoorzienbare situatie die een dermate ernstig onevenwicht doet ontstaan tussen de contractpartijen dat de verdere uitvoering van de overeenkomst in onveranderde omstandigheden buitengewoon nadelig is voor één contractpartij.) | |||
---- | |||
=== References === | |||
<references /> | |||
[[Category:Terms: I]] | [[Category:Terms: I]] | ||
Latest revision as of 17:18, 21 January 2025
Dutch
- imprevisie
French
- imprevisie
English
- hardship
- (Belgian) unforeseen circumstances (JurLex)
- frustration of purpose, frustration
- unforeseen circumstances
Samenvatting over imprevisieleer op elfri.be
De imprevisieleer is de leer die stelt dat contracten dienen aangepast of heronderhandeld dienen te worden wanneer nieuwe omstandigheden zich sinds de contractsluiting hebben voorgedaan waardoor de uitvoering van het contract tot onbillijk dan wel onredelijk zou worden. Deze leer wordt in het Belgisch recht niet aanvaard. Wanneer onvoorziene omstandigheden de overeenkomst ernstig verzwaren is er geen sprake van overmacht maar wel van imprevisie. De imprevisieleer legt de verplichting op tot uitvoering van de overeenkomst te goeder trouw, in die zin dat de verbintenis die getroffen wordt door een onvoorzienbaar voorval waardoor de uitvoering abnormaal wordt verzwaard opnieuw dient genegotieerd, dan wel dient aangepast. (https://elfri.be/artikel/imprevisie)
ChatGPT weighs in
Question: What is the best English translation in a contract of the French concept of "imprévision", which in Belgian Dutch is referred to as "imprevisie"? I have seen various things used, such as "frustration of purpose", "frustration", "unforeseen circumstances", and "hardship". ChatGPT’s answer: The best English translation of "imprévision" in a contract context depends on the specific legal system and the concept being addressed. Here's a breakdown of common translations and when they are most appropriate: Hardship* This is the most commonly used translation for "imprévision" in international contracts (e.g., under the UNIDROIT Principles or ICC rules). It aligns well with situations where performance becomes excessively onerous due to unforeseen circumstances, but not impossible. Frustration of Purpose Used primarily in common law jurisdictions (e.g., England, US), this term describes situations where the principal purpose of a contract is undermined by unforeseen events. However, it implies a more stringent standard than "hardship." Frustration A broader common law term, encompassing situations where a contract becomes impossible to perform or its purpose is destroyed. It may be overly broad compared to "imprévision." Unforeseen Circumstances A more general term, suitable for describing the context of "imprévision" without invoking specific legal doctrines. It works in plain language contracts but lacks the precision of "hardship." Recommendation: For most contexts involving Belgian Dutch and French law, *hardship* is the best choice. It captures the nuanced balance of "imprévision" as it applies to contracts becoming excessively difficult but not impossible to perform. Use "unforeseen circumstances" if the legal specificity is not required.
External links
- https://monardlaw.be/nl/stories/ingelicht/de-imprevisieleer-maakt-haar-intrede-in-het-nieuw-verbintenissenrecht/ (‘Imprevisie’ wijst op een onvoorzienbare situatie die een dermate ernstig onevenwicht doet ontstaan tussen de contractpartijen dat de verdere uitvoering van de overeenkomst in onveranderde omstandigheden buitengewoon nadelig is voor één contractpartij.)